Digital Transformation and Cadet Engagement in Online General English Learning: A SEM-PLS Study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17977/um065.v6.i5.2026.13Keywords:
Cadet engagement, Digital transformation, Learning effectiveness, Online learning, PLS-SEMAbstract
This study was conducted to analyze the influence of digital transformation and cadet engagement on learning effectiveness in online General English learning at one of the university at Indonesia. The research focuses on understanding how technological and behavioral factors contribute to learning outcomes in a digital learning environment. A quantitative approach was employed using a survey design involving 40 cadets who participated in online General English courses. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire consisting of three constructs: digital transformation, cadet engagement, and learning effectiveness. The data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) with SmartPLS software. The measurement model evaluation showed that all indicators met the required thresholds, with outer loadings above 0.70, Average Variance Extracted (AVE) values ranging from 0.876 to 0.912, and composite reliability values exceeding 0.90, indicating strong validity and reliability. The structural model results revealed that cadet engagement has a significant positive effect on learning effectiveness (β = 0.733, p < 0.05), while digital transformation does not show a significant effect (β = 0.174, p > 0.05). The model explains 76.9% of the variance in learning effectiveness (R² = 0.769), indicating strong predictive power. These findings suggest that student engagement plays a more dominant role than technological factors in determining the effectiveness of online learning. Overall, the study highlights the importance of integrating digital transformation with active learning strategies to enhance learning outcomes.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Meita Maharani Sukma, Lusiana Dewi Kusumayati, Laila Rochmawati, Fatmawati Fatmawati, Dimas Arya Soeadyfa Fridyatama, Lady Silk Moonlight
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