Seni Keramik Gerabah Sentra Bumijaya Serang: Studi Proses Produksi dan Desain Ragam Hias Gerabah Berciri Khas Banten

Abstract

Abstract: Bumijaya pottery is a traditional terracotta ceramic craft product located in Serang, Banten. As a result of the development of technology, Bumijaya's pottery products have decreased, so that Bumijaya's pottery products remain sustainable and known to many people, an in-depth study of Bumijaya pottery related to the production process and decoration is needed. These pottery products are unique in terms of the manufacturing process, the design of the pottery shapes, and the variety of pottery decorations so that these pottery products are unique with the characteristics of Banten. The purpose of this study is to describe: (1) Understanding the process of making, producing pottery in Bumijaya Banten, (2) Understanding the design of the shape and decoration of Bumijaya Banten pottery, namely jars, padasan, flower pots related to shapes, colors, and motifs that describe product designs. ceramics with a typical Banten decorative motif. To examine this, a qualitative descriptive research method was established. The data will be collected using the interview process, observation, and document analysis to strengthen the main data. The results of this study are in the form of a description of the process of making Bumijaya pottery which has 5 stages, namely, preparing tools and materials, forming pottery, drying pottery, burning pottery, and perfecting pottery. As well as the shape, color and analysis of the decoration of the Terwengkal Artifacts in Bumijaya earthenware jars, padasan, and flower pots. Bumijaya pottery has advantages in the manufacturing process which still uses traditional techniques, namely rotary, press, and cast techniques. And also the raw material of clay originating from the rice fields of Bumijaya village makes the quality of the pottery to be strong and sturdy, as well as the unique motif of Bumijaya pottery which comes from the Terwengkal Artifacts of Banten.

Keywords: ceramic; terracota; Bumijaya; production process; decoration

Abstrak: Gerabah Bumijaya merupakan produk kerajinan tradisional keramik terakota yang terletak di Serang Banten. Akibat dari kurangnya publikasi gerabah Bumijaya itu sendiri dan banyaknya industri gerabah yang ada di Indonesia mengakibatkan industri gerabah Bumijaya Banten kurang dikenal masyarakat umum. Agar produk gerabah Bumijaya lebih dikenal oleh masyarakat maka diperlukan kajian mendalam terhadap gerabah Bumijaya terkait proses produksi serta ragam hias. Produk gerabah tersebut memiliki keunikan dari segi kualitas gerabahnya yang kuat dalam proses pembu­atannya serta ragam hias gerabah, sehingga produk gerabah ini menjadi unik berciri khas Banten. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah: (1) Memahami proses pembuatan gerabah di Bumijaya Banten, (2) Memahami ragam hias gerabah Bumijaya Banten yaitu guci, padasan, dan pot bunga. Untuk mengkaji hal tersebut ditetapkan metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Data yang telah dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi, selanjutnya akan dideskripsikan dan dibuat tabel analisis mengenai ragam hias gerabah. Dari hasil analisis tabel ragam hias gerabah Banten, data direduksi dan dideskripsikan secara kualitatif. Guna memperkuat keabsahan data, dilakukan trianggulasi data. Hasil dari penelitian ini berupa deskripsi proses pembuatan gerabah Bumijaya yang memiliki 6 tahapan yaitu, mempersiapkan alat dan bahan, proses pengolahan bahan, pembentukan gerabah, penjemuran gerabah, pembakaran gerabah, dan proses penyempurnaan gerabah. Serta analisis ragam hias artefak Terwengkal yang ada pada gerabah Bumijaya guci, padasan, dan pot bunga. Gerabah Bumijaya memiliki keunggulan pada  proses pembuatannya yang masih menggunakan teknik tradisional yakni teknik putar, press dan cor. Dan juga bahan baku tanah liat yang berasal dari sawah Desa Bumijaya membuat kualitas gerabah menjadi kuat dan kokoh, serta keunikan motif gerabah Bumijaya yang berasal dari artefak Terwengkal Banten.

Kata Kunci : keramik; gerabah; Bumijaya; proses produksi; ragam hias