Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi mobilitas fungsional lansia

Abstract

Abstract: A decline in functional mobility is a significant issue among the elderly, as it increases the risk of falls, dependency, and a reduced quality of life; it can be influenced by physical, cognitive, psychological, and functional factors. This study aimed to analyze factors associated with functional mobility in the elderly. An analytical observational study with a cross sectional design was conducted, involving 164 elderly individuals (aged 60 and older) selected via purposive sampling from elderly integrated health posts (Posyandu Lansia) in the areas served by the Pandanwangi and Polowijen Community Health Centers (Puskesmas), as well as the Al Ishlah Elderly Care Home in Malang City. Functional mobility was measured using the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test; cognitive function was assessed via the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE); anxiety was evaluated using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales (DASS); sleep quality was measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI); and daily activities were assessed using the Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) scale. Data were analyzed descriptively, followed by the Shapiro Wilk test, Spearman correlation, and multiple linear regression. The mean TUG score was 21.59 seconds. TUG performance was associated with age (coefficient = 0.23, p = 0.003), anxiety (coefficient = 0.402, p bigger 0.001), and Lawton IADL scores (coefficient = min0.253, p = 0.001). The regression model explained 28% of the variation in TUG scores, with anxiety (coefficient = 0.327), age (coefficient = 0.231), and female gender (coefficient = 0.140) identified as significant independent factors. Among these variables, anxiety exhibited the largest regression coefficient. These findings suggest that the assessment of mobility in the elderly should integrate both physical and psychological aspects.

Abstrak : Penurunan mobilitas fungsional merupakan masalah penting pada lansia karena meningkatkan risiko jatuh, ketergantungan, dan penurunan kualitas hidup serta dapat dipengaruhi oleh faktor fisik, kognitif, psikologis, dan fungsional. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan mobilitas fungsional pada lansia. Penelitian observasional analitik dengan desain cross-sectional yang bertujuan menganalisis faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan mobilitas fungsional pada lansia melibatkan 164 lansia berusia 60 tahun yang dipilih melalui purposive sampling di Posyandu Lansia wilayah Puskesmas Pandanwangi dan Puskesmas Polowijen serta Pondok Lansia Al Ishlah, Kota Malang. Mobilitas fungsional diukur menggunakan Timed Up and Go Test (TUG), fungsi kognitif menggunakan Mini Mental State Examination, kecemasan menggunakan Depression Anxiety Stress Scales, kualitas tidur menggunakan Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, dan aktivitas sehari-hari menggunakan Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif, dilanjutkan dengan uji Shapiro Wilk, korelasi Spearman, dan regresi linear berganda. Rata-rata TUG adalah 21,59 antara 8,84 detik. TUG berhubungan dengan usia (koefesien=0,23,  p=0,003), kecemasan (p=0,402; p smaller 0,001), dan Lawton IADL (min0,253, p=0,001). Model regresi menjelaskan 28, persent variasi TUG; kecemasan (koefesien =0,327), usia (koefesuen =0,231), dan jenis kelamin perempuan (koefesien=0,140) merupakan faktor independen yang signifikan. Di antara variabel, kecemasan menunjukkan koefisien regresi terbesar. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa penilaian mobilitas pada lansia perlu mengintegrasikan aspek fisik dan psikologis.