Pengaruh Upper- Extremity Elastic Resistance Training Terhadap Power Otot Lengan Pemain Bulu Tangkis Usia 13-16 Tahun

Anisa Trihapsari; Dede Rohmat  Nurjaya; Yopi  Kusdinar

Authors

Anisa Trihapsari Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia
Dede Rohmat Nurjaya Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia
Yopi Kusdinar Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia

Keywords:

badminton, arm muscle power, upper-extremity, resistance band, bulu tangkis, power otot lengan

Abstract

Abstract : Badminton is a sport that requires a combination of techniques, strategies, and physical conditions to achieve optimal performance. However, in players aged 13 to 16 years, there are still limitations in producing strong and consistent overhead shots, especially in smash and clear techniques, which are influenced by low arm muscle power. This study aims to analyze the effect of upper extremity elastic resistance training on increasing arm muscle power in badminton players aged 13 to 16 years. The research method used is an experiment with a pretest posttest one group design. The research subjects were 23 athletes at the Sangkuriang Graha Sarana PLN Bandung Club who were selected using a total sampling technique. The instrument used was a medicine ball throw test with a load of 2 kg. Treatment was given through an upper extremity elastic resistance training program using a resistance band for 6 weeks with a frequency of 2 times per week (12 sessions). Data analysis included the Shapiro Wilk normality test and a paired sample t test hypothesis test at a significance level of 0.05. The results showed an increase in the average score from 4.9261 in the pretest to 5.7783 in the posttest. The results of the hypothesis test showed a significance value of 0.000 (p less than 0.05), which means there is a significant effect. In addition, the effect size value (Cohen's d) shows a large category, which indicates that the exercise has a strong impact on increasing arm muscle power. Thus, it can be concluded that upper extremity elastic resistance training is effective in increasing arm muscle power in badminton players aged 13 to 16 years and can be used as an alternative practical and appropriate training method to support the improvement of the performance of adolescent athletes.

Abstrak : Bulu tangkis merupakan cabang olahraga yang membutuhkan kombinasi teknik, strategi, dan kondisi fisik untuk mencapai performa optimal. Namun, pada pemain usia 13 sampai 16 tahun, masih ditemukan keterbatasan dalam menghasilkan pukulan overhead yang kuat dan konsisten, khususnya pada teknik smash dan clear, yang dipengaruhi oleh rendahnya power otot lengan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh upper extremity elastic resistance training terhadap peningkatan power otot lengan pada pemain bulu tangkis usia 13 sampai 16 tahun. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah eksperimen dengan desain pretest posttest one group design. Subjek penelitian berjumlah 23 atlet di Club Sangkuriang Graha Sarana PLN Bandung yang dipilih menggunakan teknik total sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah tes medicine ball throw dengan beban 2 kg. Perlakuan diberikan melalui program latihan upper extremity elastic resistance training menggunakan resistance band selama 6 minggu dengan frekuensi 2 kali per minggu (12 sesi). Analisis data meliputi uji normalitas Shapiro Wilk dan uji hipotesis paired sample t test pada taraf signifikansi 0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan nilai rata-rata dari 4,9261 pada pretest menjadi 5,7783 pada posttest. Hasil uji hipotesis menunjukkan nilai signifikansi 0,000 (p lebih kecir dari 0,05), yang berarti terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan. Selain itu, nilai effect size (Cohens d) menunjukkan kategori besar, yang mengindikasikan bahwa latihan memberikan dampak yang kuat terhadap peningkatan power otot lengan. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa upper extremity elastic resistance training efektif dalam meningkatkan power otot lengan pada pemain bulu tangkis usia 13 sampai 16 tahun dan dapat dijadikan sebagai alternatif metode latihan yang praktis serta sesuai untuk mendukung peningkatan performa atlet remaja.

References

Armstrong, L. E., Bergeron M. F., Lee E. C., Mershon, J. E., & Armstrong, E. M. 2022. Overtraining syndrome as a complex systems phenomenon. 1, 1–20. https:// doi.org/10.3389/fnetp.2021.794392

Awatani, T., Morikita, I., Urata, T., Shinohara, J., & Tatsumi, Y., (2018). Correlation between isometric shoulder strength and racket velocity during badminton forehand smash movements: Study of valid clinical assessment methods. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 30(6): 850–54. https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.30.850

Bauer, J., Schwiertz, G., & Muehlbauer. T., (2021). Effects of an elastic resistance band intervention in adolescent handball players. Sports medicine international open 5 (2): E65–72. https://doi.org//10.1055/a-1541-2916

Bompa, T.O., & Buzzichelli. C. A., (2019). Peridization: Theory and Methodology of Training (6th ed.). Human Kinetics

Borms, D., & Cools, A. (2018). Upper-extremity functional performance tests: Reference values for overhead athletes. Int Journal Sports Medicine 39(6): 433–41. https//doi.org//10.1055/a-0573-1388.

Capili, B., & Anastasi. J. K., (2024). An introduction to types of quasi-experimental designs. The American journal of nursing, 124(11): 50–52. https://doi.org//10.1097/01.NAJ.0001081740.74815.20.

Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral bciences.( 2nd ed). New York: 13 May 2013. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203771587.

Cvetkov, Vasil. 2024. “Mathematical Sciences.” : 19–24.

Ferreira, A., Górski, M., & Gajewski, J. (2020). Gender differences and relationships between upper extremity muscle strength, lower limb power and shuttle velocity in forehand smash and jump smash in badminton. Acta of bioengineering and biomechanics 22(4): 41–49.

Gaamouri, N., Hammami, M., Cherni, Y., Oranchuk, D. J., Bragazzi, N., Knechtle, B., Chelly, M. S., & van den Tillaar, R. (2023). The effects of upper and lower limb elastic band training on the change of direction, jump, power, strength and repeated sprint ability performance in adolescent female handball players.” Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 5-2023. https://doi.org//10.3389/fspor.2023.1021757.

Granacher, U., Lesinski, M., Büsch, D., Muehlbauer, T., Prieske, O., Puta, C., Gollhofer, A., & Behm, D. G (2016). Effects of resistance training in youth athletes on muscular fitness and athletic performance: A conceptual model for long-term athlete development. Frontiers in Physiology 7-2016. http://doi.org//10.3389/fphys.2016.00164.

Guo, Xiao-pei. 2026. Kinematic analysis of badminton smash techniques of badminton players. 21(2): 667–81.

Habibzadeh, Farrokh. 2024. “Data Distribution : Normal or Abnormal ?” 39(3): 1–8.

Indora, N. K., Anand, P., Chettri, S., & Kumar, V. 2022. Correlation of upper limb explosive power with smash velocity and performance in badminton players : a cross-sectional study. : 10–12. https://doi.org//10.7860/JCDR/2022/53088.16381.

Joy, Jordan M, Lowery, Souza, E. O. D., & Wilson, J. M. (2016). Elastic bands as a component of periodized resistance training. Journal of strength and conditioning research 30(8): 2100–2106. https://doi.org//10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182986bef.

Komarudin, K., Sartono, H. (2016). “(Jurnal Kepelatihan Olahraga, Volume 8, No. 2 Desember 2016).” 8(2): 11–24.

Lecce, Edoardo, Amoruso, P., Felici, F., & Bazzucchi, I. (2026). Resistance training-induced adaptations in the neuromuscular system: physiological mechanisms and implications for human performance. The Journal of physiology 604(1): 81–115. doi:10.1113/JP289716.

Lee, Yu-Hao, Lee, P., Lin, L., Liao, C., Liou, T., & Huang, S. (2021). Effects of progressive elastic band resistance exercise for aged osteosarcopenic adiposity women. Experimental gerontology 147: 111272. http://doi.org//10.1016/j.exger.2021.111272.

Lloyd, Rhodri S, John B Cronin, Avery D Faigenbaum, G Gregory Haff, Rick Howard, William J Kraemer, Lyle J Micheli, Gregory D Myer, & Jon L Oliver. (2016). “National Strength and conditioning association position statement on long-term athletic development.” Journal of strength and conditioning research 30(6): 1491–1509. https://doi.org//10.1519/JSC.0000000000001387.

Lopes, Jaqueline Santos Silva, Aryane Flauzino Machado, Jéssica Kirsch Micheletti, Aline Castilho de Almeida, Allysiê Priscila Cavina, & Carlos Marcelo Pastre. (2019). “Effects of training with elastic resistance versus conventional resistance on muscular strength: a systematic review and meta-analysis.” SAGE Open Medicine 7. https://doi.org/10.1177/2050312119831116.

Ma, Shuzhen, Weijia Xue, Kim Geok Soh, Huange Liu, Fan Xu, Min Sun, & Xijie Shi. (2025). “Effects of physical training programs on healthy badminton players ’ performance : a systematic review and meta ‑ analysis.”

Mark King, Harley Towler, Romanda Dillon & Stuart McErlain-Naylor. (2020). “Applied sciences a correlational analysis of shuttlecock speed kinematic determinants in the badminton jump smash.” : 1–14.

Narang, Simran, Pratik Phansopkar, Neha Chitale, & Sakshi P. Arora. (2022). “Efficacy of upper limb plyometric training in a badminton player.” Journal of medical pharmaceutical and allied sciences 11(1): 4382–84. https://doi.org/10.55522/jmpas.v11i1.1347.

Pan, Zhengye, Lushuai Liu, Xingman Li, & Yunchao Ma. (2024). “An analysis of the effect of motor experience on muscle synergy in the badminton jump smash.” Human Movement Science 95: 103209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humov.2024.103209.

Patten, Mildred L., & Michelle Newhart. (2023). “Understanding Research Methods. Understanding Research Methods. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003092049.

Picha, Kelsey J, Muataz R Almaddah, Jordan Barker, Tavis Ciochetty, W Scott Black, & Tim L Uhl. (2019). “Elastic resistance effectiveness on increasing strength of shoulders and hips.” Journal of strength and conditioning research 33(4): 931–43. doi:10.1519/JSC.0000000000002216.

Purnama, Ardianto Rifki, & Yopi Kusdinar. (2024). Journal of physical education , health and sport the relationship between wrist flexibility and arm muscle strength with the accuracy and speed of smash for badminton ath- Letes Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia ( UPI ).” 11(2): 75–78.

Ramasamy, Yuvaraj, Usman, J., Sundar, V., Towler, H, & Mark King. (2024). Kinetic and Kinematic Determinants of Shuttlecock Speed in the Forehand Jump Smash Performed by Elite Male Malaysian Badminton Players.” Sports Biomechanics 23(5): 582–97. https://doi.org//10.1080/14763141.2021.1877336.

Rumpoko, Satrio Sakti, Vera Septi Sistiasih, Kodrad Budiyono, & Maharani Fatima Gandasari. (2025). “Evaluating the Effectiveness of a Virtual Reality-Based Training Method for Basic Scuba Diving Skills.” : 105–11. https://doi.org//10.15561/26649837.2025.0204.

Seguin Rachel C, Alan C Cudlip, & Michael W R Holmes. (2022). The efficacy of upper-extremity elastic resistance training on shoulder strength and performance : a systematic review.”

Stanley, Marvin, Kumaidah, E., Mas, R., Adji, S., & Widodo, S. (2024). The effect of hiit training ( high intensity interval training ) on upper body muscle strength undip fk students.” 5(2): 73–76.

Suchomel, Timothy J, Sophia Nimphius, Christopher R Bellon, & Michael H Stone. (2018. “The importance of muscular strength: training considerations.” Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) 48(4): 765–85. https://doi.org//10.1007/s40279-018-0862-z.

Tapio, Rachelle P. (2025).The role of data assumptions in selecting between parametric and nonparametric tests. 27(11): 127–35.

Toros, Turhan. (2024). Eeffect of verbal feedback on lay-up and dribbling during.” 2(2): 123–33.

Del, V, Alessandro, Enoka, R. M., & Farina, D. (2024). Specificity of early motor unit adaptations with resistive exercise training. The Journal of physiology 602(12): 2679–88. https://doi.org//10.1113/JP282560.

Wang, Bingke, & Zhou, H., (2024). Study on the impact of shoulder flexibility training on smash speed mechanics in badminton using machine learning.” 21(2): 1–20.

Winata, B., Brochhagen, J., Apriantono, T., & Matthias Wilhelm Hoppe. (2025). Do Anthropometric Characteristics and Physical Capacities of Highly Trained Junior Badminton Players Differ According to Age and Sex?” Frontiers in sports and active living 7: 1713157. https://doi.org//10.3389/fspor.2025.1713157.

Yaghoubi, Mohsen, Ramezani, S., Dehnou, V. V., Eston, R., Lundberg, T. R., & Gorzi, A., (2025). Random-order ballistic training improves throwing distance in resistance-trained males. European journal of sport science 25(11): e70079. http://doi.org10.1002/ejsc.70079.