Efektivitas Recovery Aktif Dan Pasif Terhadap Gejala  Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS) Setelah Latihan Intensif Pada Atlet Renang

Hasyim; Andi Atssam Mappanyukki; Muh. Ilham Aksir; Muhammad Ivan Miftahul Aziz

Authors

Hasyim Universitas Negeri Makassar
Andi Atssam Mappanyukki Universitas Negeri Makassar
Muh. Ilham Aksir Universitas Negeri Makassar
Muhammad Ivan Miftahul Aziz Universitas Negeri Makassar

Keywords:

active recovery, passive recovery, delayed onset muscle soreness, recovery aktif, recovery pasif

Abstract

Abstract: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of active and passive recovery on DOMS symptoms after intensive training in swimmers. Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS) is a muscle pain that appears 24 to 72 hours after intensive physical activity, generally caused by microscopic damage to muscle fibers due to eccentric contractions. The subjects were 30 swimmers from BKMF FIKK UNM aged 17 to 21 years, divided into three groups: active recovery, passive recovery, and control (10 athletes each). DOMS measurements were performed using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) at 24, 48, and 72 hours after intensive training. The results showed that the active recovery group experienced the fastest reduction in pain, from an average of 7.3 (24 hours) to 2.1 (72 hours). The passive recovery group decreased from 7.5 to 3.4, while the control group only decreased from 7.6 to 4.8 over the same period. ANOVA indicated a significant difference between the groups (p less than 0.05). Post hoc analysis showed that active recovery was significantly more effective than both passive recovery and the control group in reducing VAS scores. These findings confirm that active recovery, such as an active cool-down or controlled light activity, can accelerate the recovery process and reduce DOMS discomfort more effectively than passive recovery or no intervention. This strategy is recommended as an essential part of a swimmer's training program after a high-intensity session.

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas recovery aktif dan pasif terhadap gejala DOMS setelah latihan intensif pada atlet renang. Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS) adalah rasa nyeri otot yang muncul 24 hingga 72 jam setelah aktivitas fisik intensif, umumnya disebabkan oleh kerusakan mikroskopis pada serat otot akibat kontraksi eksentrik. Subjek penelitian adalah 30 atlet renang BKMF FIKK UNM berusia 17 hingga 21 tahun, dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok yaitu recovery aktif, recovery pasif, dan kontrol (masing masing 10 atlet). Pengukuran DOMS dilakukan menggunakan Visual Analog Scale (VAS) pada 24, 48, dan 72 jam pasca latihan intensif. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa kelompok recovery aktif mengalami penurunan nyeri paling cepat, dari rata rata 7,3 (24 jam) menjadi 2,1 (72 jam). Kelompok recovery pasif menurun dari 7,5 menjadi 3,4, sementara kelompok kontrol hanya turun dari 7,6 menjadi 4,8 pada periode yang sama. Uji ANOVA mengindikasikan perbedaan signifikan antar kelompok (p kurang dari 0,05). Analisis post hoc menunjukkan bahwa recovery aktif secara signifikan lebih efektif dibandingkan recovery pasif maupun kontrol dalam menurunkan skor VAS. Temuan ini menguatkan bahwa recovery aktif, seperti cool down aktif atau aktivitas ringan terkontrol, dapat mempercepat proses pemulihan dan mengurangi ketidaknyamanan akibat DOMS lebih efektif dibandingkan recovery pasif atau tanpa intervensi. Strategi ini direkomendasikan sebagai bagian penting dalam program latihan atlet renang setelah sesi intensitas tinggi.

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