Efektifitas Prenatal Stretching Exercise (PSE) sebagai Upaya Pencegahan Preeklampsia pada Ibu Hamil

Nurul Evi; Yhenti Widjayanti; Muhammad Putra Ramadhan; Eri Yanuar Akhmad Budi

doi:10.17977/um062v6i102024p1041-1048

Authors

Nurul Evi Universitas Negeri Malang
Yhenti Widjayanti Universitas Negeri Malang
Muhammad Putra Ramadhan Universitas Negeri Malang
Eri Yanuar Akhmad Budi Universitas Negeri Malang

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17977/um062v6i102024p1041-1048

Keywords:

hamil; preeklampsia; & prenatal stretching exercise

Abstract

Abstract

High blood pressure is a sign of pregnancy complications known as preeclampsia, which is dangerous for the mother and fetus. In Indonesia and East Java, cases of maternal and fetal death due to preeclampsia are still high. Signs of preeclampsia, increased blood pressure, can be prevented by exercising during pregnancy. This study aims to determine how effective prenatal stretching (PSE) exercises are in reducing the risk of developing preeclampsia in pregnant women. This study used a quasi-experimental design with twenty pregnant women before and after the test, with a purposive sampling technique for each group. While the intervention group received PSE exercises, the control group received walking exercises. Data analysis was performed using paired t-test and anova (α≤0.05). Systolic pressure (p=0.02) and diastolic pressure (p=0.031, respectively) showed that walking and PSE exercises differed in lowering blood pressure in pregnant women.

Abstrak

Tekanan darah tinggi adalah tanda komplikasi kehamilan yang dikenal sebagai preeklamsia, yang berbahaya bagi ibu dan janin. Di Indonesia dan Jawa Timur, kasus kematian ibu dan janin akibat preeklampsia masih tinggi. Tanda preeklampsia, peningkatan tekanan darah, dapat dicegah dengan berolahraga saat hamil. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa efektif latihan stretching prenatal (PSE) untuk mengurangi kemungkinan terkena preeklampsia pada wanita hamil. Studi ini menggunakan desain quasi eksperimen dengan dua puluh ibu hamil sebelum dan setelah tes, dengan teknik purposive sampling untuk tiap kelompok. Sementara kelompok intervensi menerima latihan PSE, kelompok kontrol menerima latihan jalan kaki. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan paired t-test dan anova (α≤0,05). Tekanan sistolik (p=0,02) dan tekanan diastolik (p=0,031, masing-masing) menunjukkan bahwa jalan kaki dan latihan PSE berbeda dalam menurunkan tekanan darah ibu hamil.

References

Babycenter. (2009). Great pregnancy Exercise : Stretching. Diakses 13 mei 2014. Dari http://www.babycenter.com.

Bobak, Lowdermilk & Jensen. (2005). Buku Ajar : Keperawatan maternitas. Edisi 4. Alih bahasa : Maria A, Wijayanti & Peter I. Jakarta : penerbit buku kedokteran EGC.

Chobanian AV. (2004). Prevention, Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. 10 Mei 2014. http:www.nhlbi.gov/resources/docs/cht-book.htm.

Chan, C. W. H., Yeung, E. A., & Law, B. M. H. (2019). Effectiveness of physical activity interventions on pregnancy-related outcomes among pregnant women: A systematic review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16101840

Cortez-Cooper, M. Y., Anton, M. M., Devan, A. E., Neidre, D. B., Cook, J. N., & Tanaka, H. (2008). The effects of strength training on central arterial compliance in middle-aged and older adults. European Journal of Preventive Cardiology, 15(2), 149–155. https://doi.org/10.1097/HJR.0b013e3282f02fe2

de Castro, R., Antunes, R., Mendes, D., Szumilewicz, A., & Santos-Rocha, R. (2022). Can Group Exercise Programs Improve Health Outcomes in Pregnant Women? An Updated Systematic Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19084875

Dharma, K. K., (2011). Metodologi penelitian keperawatan : panduan melaksanakan dan menerapkan hasil penelitian. Cetakan I. Jakarta : Trans Info Media.

Gunardi, S. (2007). Anatomi Sistem Pernapasan. Jakarta : Fakultas kedokteran Universitas Indonesia.

Guyton, A C., & Hall, J.E. (2010). Buku Ajar Fisiologi Kedokteran. Alih bahasa : Irawati S, Ariata K & Santoso A. Jakarta : Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC.

Hansford, H. J., Wewege, M. A., & Jones, M. D. (2021). Commentary on: Stretching is superior to brisk walking for reducing blood pressure in people with high–normal blood pressure or stage I hypertension. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 18(4), 345–346. https://doi.org/10.1123/JPAH.2021-0049

Ikebe, H., Oi, N., Makino, A., Kume, D., Ishido, M., Nakamura, T., & Nishiwaki, M. (2023). Effects of acute cervical stretching on arterial wall elastic properties. Frontiers in Physiology, 14(June), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2023.1198152

Keman. K, Prasetyorini. N, Langgar. M. J. (2009, Juli). Perbandingan Ekspresi p53, Bcl-2, dan indeks apoptosis trofoblas pada preeklamsia / eklamsia dan kehamilan normal. Majalah Obstetri Ginekologi Indonesia, 151-159.

Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2012). Pusat Data dan Informasi Profil kesehatan Indonesia. Jakarta : Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia.

Kianfard, L., Niknami, S., Amin Shokravi, F., & Rakhshanderou, S. (2022). Determine Facilitators, Barriers, and Structural Factors of Physical Activity in Nulliparous Pregnant Women: A Qualitative Study Using Maxqda. Health Education and Health Promotion, 10(3).

Kuo, C.D., Chen, G.Y., Yang, M.J., Lo, H.M., & Tsai, Y.S. (2000). Biphasic changes in autonomic nervous activity during pregnancy. British Journal of Anaesthesiology. 84 : 323 – 329.

Ko, J., Deprez, D., Shaw, K., Alcorn, J., Hadjistavropoulos, T., Tomczak, C., Foulds, H., & Chilibeck, P. D. (2021). Stretching is Superior to Brisk Walking for Reducing Blood Pressure in People With High-Normal Blood Pressure or Stage I Hypertension. Journal of physical activity & health, 18(1), 21–28. https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2020-0365

Lowdermilk, Perry & Cashion. (2013). Keperawatan maternitas. Singapore : Elsevier mosby.

National Health Standard. National Institute for Clinical Excellence. (2010). Hypertension in pregnancy: the management of hypertensive disorders during pregnancy. Clin Guideline. 29 : 163–79.

Nelson, A.G., & Kokkonen, J. (2007). Stretching Anatomy. Champaign, IL : Human Kinetics.

Nishimoto, F., Sakata, M., Minekawa, R., Okamoto, Y., Miyake, A., Isobe, A., et al. (2009). Metal transcription factor-I is involved in hypoxia-dependent regulation of placenta growth factor in trophoblast-derived cells. Endocrinology. 150 : 1801-1808.

Nishiwaki, M., Kurobe, K., Kiuchi, A., Nakamura, T., & Matsumoto, N. (2014). Sex differences in flexibility-arterial stiffness relationship and its application for diagnosis of arterial stiffening: A cross-sectional observational study. PLoS ONE, 9(11), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0113646

Nishiwaki, M., Yonemura, H., Kurobe, K., & Matsumoto, N. (2015). Four weeks of regular static stretching reduces arterial stiffness in middle-aged men. SpringerPlus, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40064-015-1337-4

Notoatmodjo, S. 92010). Metodologi Penelitian Kesehatan. Edisi Revisi. Jakarta : Rineka Cipta.

Nurhadi. 2007. Cara mudah tetap sehat. http://hady82.multyply.com. Diperoleh tanggal 20 Mei 2014.

Paramitasari, TF & Martini S. (2012). Hubungan Gaya Hidup Selama Masa Kehamilan dengan Kejadian Preeklamsia. The Indonesian Journal of Public Health. 8(3) : 122-125.

Park, J. H., Lim, N. K., & Park, H. Y. (2022). Relative Handgrip Strength is Inversely Associated with Hypertension in Consideration of Visceral Adipose Dysfunction: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study in Korea. Frontiers in Physiology, 13(July), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.930922

Park, J. H., Lim, N. K., & Park, H. Y. (2023). Association of leisure-time physical activity and resistance training with risk of incident hypertension: The Ansan and Ansung study of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES). Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine, 10(January). https://doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2023.1068852

Ramírez-Vélez, R., Aguilar, A. C., Mosquera, M., Garcia, R. G., Reyes, L. M., & López-Jaramillo, P. (2009). Clinical trial to assess the effect of physical exercise on endothelial function and insulin resistance in pregnant women. Trials, 10, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-6215-10-104

Rampalliwar, S., Rajak, C., Arjariya, R., Poonia, M., & Bajpai, R. (2013). The effect of bhramari pranayama on pregnant women having cardiovascular hyper -reactivity to cold pressor. National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 3(2), 137–141. https://doi.org/10.5455/njppp.2013.3.128-133

Reeder, S.J., Martin. L.L., & Griffin, D.K. (2011). Keperawatan Maternitas : kesehatan perempuan, bayi dan keluarga. Alih bahasa : Yati A., Imami N.R., Sri D. Jakarta : Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC.

Senior. (2008). Latihan Peregangan. http://cybermed.cbn.net.id. Diperoleh tanggal 19 Mei 2014.

SeonAi, Yeo. (2010). Prenatal Stretching Exercise and Autonomic Responses : Preliminary Data and a Model for Reducing preeclampsia. Journal of Nursing Scholarship. 42 (2) : 113 – 118.

Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologist of Canada. (2008). Diagnosis evaluation and management of the hipertensive disosders of pregnancy. Journal of Obstetric Gynaecologiy canada. 30 (3) : s1- s6.

Sugiyono. Dr. Prof. ( 2012). Metode Penelitian Kombinasi. Bandung.

Sumanti. N., Noormartany., Alamsyah. M., & Rostini. T. (2013). Kadar asam urat serum sebagai biomarker preeklamsia. MKB. 45 (2) : 98-104.

Uria-Minguito, A., Silva-José, C., Sánchez-Polán, M., Díaz-Blanco, Á., García-Benasach, F., Carrero Martínez, V., Alzola, I., & Barakat, R. (2022). The Effect of Online Supervised Exercise throughout Pregnancy on the Prevention of Gestational Diabetes in Healthy Pregnant Women during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Randomized Clinical Trial. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(21). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114104

Vural, P., Degirmencioglu, S., Dogru-Abbasoglu, S., Saral, N.Y., Akgul, C., & Uysal, M. (2009). Genetic polymorphisms in DNA repair gen APE 1, XRCC 1 and XPD and the risk of pre-eclampsia. European journal of obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology. 146 : 160 -164.

WHO Study Group. (2007). The hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. WHO technical report series no 758. Geneva: World Health Organitation.

Yamamoto, K., Kawano, H., Gando, Y., Iemitsu, M., Murakami, H., Sanada, K., Tanimoto, M., Ohmori, Y., Higuchi, M., Tabata, I., & Miyachi, M. (2009). Poor trunk flexibility is associated with arterial stiffening. American Journal of Physiology - Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 297(4), 1314–1318. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00061.2009

Yeo, S. A. (2009). Adherence to walking or stretching, and risk of preeclampsia in sedentary pregnant women. Research in Nursing and Health, 32(4), 379–390. https://doi.org/10.1002/nur.20328