Pengaruh Kenaikan Harga Rokok terhadap Perilaku Merokok pada Kelompok Usia Remaja: Literature Review

Authors

  • Zuhria Wahidah Nurhidayah Universitas Negeri Malang
  • Rara Warih Gayatri Universitas Negeri Malang
  • Suci Puspita Ratih Universitas Negeri Malang

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17977/um062v3i122021p976-987

Keywords:

increase in cigarette prices, smoking behavior, adolescent, kenaikan harga rokok, perilaku merokok, remaja

Abstract

Abstract: Cigarettes are one of the factors of world health issues that have not been resolved until now. The number of smokers in the world in 2015 reached 1.3 billion people, while Indonesia being the first billion smokers in ASEAN with 65 million smokers and 69 percent dominated by teenagers. The World Health Organization (WHO) has determined the reduction of cigarette consumption as one of the Global NCDs Targets to be achieved by 2025 by increasing the action of increasing the tax price of all cigarette products to reduce the demand for cigarettes. Indonesia applies the same thing by issuing the Peraturan Menteri Keuangan Republik Indonesia no. 198 Tahun 2020 concerning the policy on the price of cigarettes smoking 12.5 percent in order to reduce the prevalence of smoking in the 10-18 year age range from 9.1 percent to 5.4 percent in 2029 according to the RPJMN. The purpose of this study is to analyze research studies that have been conducted to describe the effect of rising cigarette prices on adolescent smoking behavior. The data used in this literature study are articles that are relevant to the inclusion and exclusion criteria that have been determined within a span of 10 years that have been published in selected databases, which are Proquest, Pubmed, and Google Scholar. Stages of selection using the PRISMA flow chart. Assessment of article quality used the Strengthening The Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklist. The results of this literature study contained 7 (seven) articles that were analyzed. These articles describe the effect of increasing cigarette prices on decreasing smoking initiation, smoking consumption, and smoking prevalence.

Abstrak: Rokok merupakan salah satu faktor masalah kesehatan dunia yang belum terselesaikan sampai saat ini. Jumlah perokok di dunia pada tahun 2015  diestimasikan mencapai 1,3 milyar orang di mana Indonesia menempati peringkat pertama perokok terbesar di ASEAN dengan jumlah 65 juta perokok dan 69 persen didominasi remaja. World Health Organization (WHO) menetapkan pengurangan konsumsi rokok sebagai salah satu Global NCDs Target yang akan dicapai pada tahun 2025 dengan prioritas aksi peningkatan harga pajak semua produk rokok untuk mengurangi permintaan rokok. Indonesia menerapkan hal serupa yaitu dengan mengeluarkan Peraturan Menteri Keuangan Republik Indonesia nomor 198 Tahun 2020 mengenai kebijakan harga rokok yang dinaikkan 12,5 persen guna menekan prevalensi merokok remaja rentang usia 10 – 18 tahun dari angka 9,1 persen menjadi 5,4 persen di tahun 2029 sesuai dengan RPJMN. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk menganalisis studi-studi penelitian yang telah dilakukan untuk menggambarkan pengaruh dari kenaikan harga rokok terhadap perilaku merokok remaja. Data yang digunakan dalam studi literatur ini merupakan artikel-artikel yang relevan dengan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi yang telah ditentukan dengan rentang 10 tahun yang telah terpublikasi pada database pilihan yaitu Proquest, Pubmed, dan Google Scholar. Tahapan seleksi menggunakan PRISMA flow diagram. Penilaian kualitas artikel menggunakan Strengthening The Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklist. Hasil pada studi literatur ini terdapat 7 (tujuh) artikel yang dianalisis. Artikel-artikel tersebut menggambarkan adanya pengaruh kenaikan harga rokok terhadap penurunan inisiasi merokok, konsumsi merokok, dan prevalensi merokok.

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30-12-2021

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