Pengaruh Ruminasi terhadap Rasa Bersalah pada Relawan Bencana Banjir Sumatera Rumah Zakat Aceh
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17977/um070v6i22026p398-412Keywords:
guilty feeling, disaster volunteers, ruminationAbstract
Rumination is a tendency to engage in repetitive thinking focused on negative experiences, while guilty feeling is an unpleasant emotion arising from self-evaluation related to violations of personal moral standards. In the context of disaster volunteers, both are likely to increase due to situational pressure, exposure to victims’ suffering, and the demands of rapid and complex decision-making. This study aims to investigate the influence of rumination on feelings of guilt among Rumah Zakat Aceh volunteers involved in both the emergency response and post-disaster phases. This study employed a quantitative approach with a correlational method. A total of 105 volunteers were selected using purposive sampling. The instruments used were the rumination scale and the guilt scale, and the data were analyzed using multiple regression analysis. The results showed that rumination was significantly associated with guilt and contributed 33.6% to its variance, with both variables generally falling within the moderate category. Specifically, the brooding dimension had a significant effect on guilt, contributing 28.6%, while the reflection and depression-related dimensions were not significant. These findings indicate that maladaptive rumination, particularly brooding characterized by passive and repetitive focus on negative self-aspects, plays a more dominant role in predicting guilt among disaster volunteers.
Abstrak
Ruminasi merupakan kecenderungan berpikir berulang yang berfokus pada pengalaman negatif, sedangkan rasa bersalah adalah emosi tidak menyenangkan yang muncul akibat evaluasi diri terhadap pelanggaran standar moral. Dalam konteks relawan bencana, kedua hal ini berpotensi meningkat akibat tekanan situasional, paparan penderitaan korban, serta tuntutan pengambilan keputusan yang cepat dan kompleks. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ruminasi terhadap rasa bersalah pada relawan Rumah Zakat Aceh yang terlibat dalam fase tanggap darurat dan pasca-bencana. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode korelasional. Subjek penelitian berjumlah 105 relawan yang dipilih menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah Skala Ruminasi dan Skala Rasa Bersalah, dengan analisis data menggunakan regresi berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ruminasi berhubungan signifikan dengan rasa bersalah dan memberikan pengaruh sebesar 33,6%, sementara secara umum tingkat ruminasi dan rasa bersalah berada pada kategori sedang. Dimensi brooding berpengaruh signifikan terhadap rasa bersalah sebesar 28,6%, sedangkan dimensi reflection dan depression-related tidak menunjukkan pengaruh yang signifikan, sehingga mengindikasikan bahwa kecenderungan berpikir pasif, berulang, dan berfokus pada aspek negatif diri memiliki peran yang lebih dominan dalam memunculkan rasa bersalah pada relawan.
References
Aceh Studies. (2025). Dashboard data bencana banjir Aceh & Sumatera: Data bencana banjir Siklon Senyar. Diakses 2 Maret 2026, dari https://banjiraceh.acehstudies.org/
Anam, F., Suryani, S., Dewi, R., (2023). Peran relawan dalam penanggulangan bencana erupsi vulkanik: Perspektif fase rehabilitasi dan rekonstruksi. Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan dan Inovasi, 8(2), 45–53.
Andaif AR, Widyawati EA. (2020). Hubungan antara rasa bersalah dan depresi pada perempuan yang melakukan aborsi: studi korelasi. Jurnal Psikologi Klinis dan Kesehatan Mental, 5(1):12–18.
Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana (BNPB). (2024). Data informasi bencana Indonesia (DIBI). https://dibi.bnpb.go.id
Badcock, J. C., Paulik, G., Maybery, M. T., & Murphy, R. (2021). Rumination, emotional intensity and emotional clarity. Consciousness and Cognition, 96, 103242.
Barlian, N. I. (2024). Hubungan antara ruminasi dengan post-traumatic growth pada tenaga kesehatan di Kota Banda Aceh (Skripsi. Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry: Banda Aceh).
Brooks, S. K., Dunn, R., Amlôt, R., Rubin, G. J., & Greenberg, N. (2020). Protecting the psychological wellbeing of staff exposed to disaster or emergency at work: A qualitative study. BMC Psychology, 8(1), 78.
Buerke, M., Khani, A., Galfalvy, H., Wong, M. T., & Szanto, K. (2025). Brooding, reflection, and anger rumination in late life suicidal behavior. Journal of Affective Disorders, 369, 963–969.
Cunningham, S., Murphy, D., & Knight, C. (2022). Moral distress, guilt, and coping in humanitarian workers. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 35(4), 1052–1061.
Ehring, T., & Watkins, E. R. (2021). Repetitive negative thinking as a transdiagnostic process. Nature Reviews Psychology, 1, 1–17.
Faizah, & Purnomo, N. (2019). Rumination antara usia remaja dan dewasa. Insight: Jurnal Pemikiran dan Penelitian Psikologi, 15(2), 152–163.
Koutsimani, P., Montgomery, A., & Georganta, K. (2020). The relationship between burnout, depression, and anxiety: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 2020.
Kugler, K., & Jones, W. H. (1992). On conceptualizing and assessing guilt. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 62(2), 318–327.
Leonardi, J., Fimiani, R., Faccini, F., Gorman, B. S., Bush, M., & Gazzillo, F. (2021). An empirical investigation into pathological worry and rumination: Guilt, shame, depression, and anxiety. Psychology Hub, 38(3), 15–24.
Moneta, G. B. (2021). Rumination, subjective well-being, and cognitive functioning: The mediating role of repetitive negative thinking. Current Psychology, 40(11), 5510–5520.
Moral de la Rubia, J., & Navarrete-Hernández, E. (2023). Guilt and psychological distress among helping professionals: The role of emotional burden and self-evaluation. Current Psychology, 42(30), 25568–25579.
Mori, M., Takano, K., & Raes, F. (2024). Reflective thinking and psychological adjustment: A meta-analytic review. Personality and Individual Differences, 228, 112693.
Murray, E., Krahé, C., & Goodsman, D. (2022). Are medical and other helping professionals protected against burnout and distress? A systematic review of the literature. Clinical Psychology Review, 95, 102174.
Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Treynor, W., & Gonzalez, R. (2003). Rumination reconsidered: A psychometric analysis. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 27(3), 247–259.
Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Wisco, B. E., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2021). Rethinking rumination. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 16(1), 1–15.
Perlman, B., Burg, G., Avirbach-Shabat, N., & Mor, N. (2024). Shifting away from negative inferences affects rumination and mood. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 181, 104604.
Sirois, F. M., Monforton, J., & Simpson, M. (2019). “If only I had done better”: Perfectionism and rumination in the context of health and well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 139, 71–76.
Sugiyono. (2019). Metode penelitian kuantitatif, kualitatif, dan R&D. Bandung: Alfabeta.
Takano, K., & Tanno, Y. (2021). Self-reflection and insight as adaptive forms of self-focused attention: Implications for psychological well-being. Japanese Psychological Research, 63(3), 168–180.
Tanner, A., Voon, D., & Hasking, P. (2021). Rumination and emotional regulation difficulties. Current Psychology, 40, 1–12.
Watkins, E. R., & Roberts, H. (2020). Reflecting on rumination: Consequences, causes, mechanisms and treatment of rumination. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 127, 103573.
Widyastuti, M., Setiadi, D., Priyantini, D., Astuti, N. M., & Suharsono, T. (2020). Penerapan Basic Life Support pada relawan dalam tanggap darurat. CARADDE: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 3(1), 22–27.
Williamson, V., Murphy, D., Phelps, A., Forbes, D., & Greenberg, N. (2021). Moral injury: The effect on mental health and implications for treatment. The Lancet Psychiatry, 8(6), 453–455.
Zhou, Y., Wang, X., Li, J., & Chen, H. (2023). Reflection and rumination: Differential associations with emotional regulation, psychological well-being, and self-conscious emotions. Current Psychology, 42(31), 27174–27186.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Yolanda Alfianova Br Sembiring, Harri Santoso, Siti Hajar Sri Hidayati
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
3.png)
1.png)
1.png)
