Investigating the effect of Pb-Al doped CdS and CdS: Pb/CdS: Al homojunction on structure and gas sensing properties synthesis by chemical bath deposition method
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17977/um067v6i42026p3Keywords:
Gas Sensor, Cadmium Sulphide, Chemical Bath Deposition, Nitrogen DioxideAbstract
In this study, thin film of undoped CdS is prepared, in addition to other films doped with Pb and Al at different concentration between 0.002M to 0.006M and CdS: Pb/CdS: Al homojunction, these films were deposited using the chemical bath deposition method on glass substrate at deposition temperature of 70℃. To analysis the structural and morphological characteristcs of (Pb, Al)-doped CdS thin films and CdS: Pb/ CdS: Al homojunction films were utilizing “x-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, as well as energy dispersive X-ray”. The pattern of XRD showed that the pure CdS thin film had mix phase of hexagonal and cubic, which was turned to cubic structure by doping of Pb and Al. FE-SEM images reveal that the CdS thin film without doping a uniform morphology of spherical-like morphology with different size between 35.85nm to 64.18nm. The EDX analysis showed the existence of Cd, S, Pb and Al as primary elements in those films. The electrical resistance of the pure CdS thin film is rises when reacting with reducing gas, and reduces in the presence of an oxidizing gas, which demonstrates the behavior of p-type semiconductors. The resistances of Pb-doped CdS thin films are decreases upon exposure to a reducing gas, and increases in the presence of an oxidizing gases, demonstrating a n-type semiconductor behavior. Al-doped CdS thin film not causes an inversion the p-type behavior of the CdS semiconductor. Pb-doped CdS thin film at concentration of 0.004M show the highest sensitivity for both Hydrogen sulfide and Nitrogen dioxide gases 175.2% and 48.31% respectively at operating temperature of 300℃. Al-doped CdS thin film at concentration of 0.004M show the highest sensitivity for both Hydrogen sulfide and Nitrogen dioxide gases were 54.15% and 35.2% respectively at operating temperature of 200℃.
References
Aliyu, M., Diso, D. G., Musa, A. O., & Abubakar, A. L. (2022). Effect of growth voltage on electrodeposited CdS thin films. Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 13, 539–545.
An, B., Kim, H., Chang, Y. W., Park, J., & Pyun, J. (2021). Photosensors based on cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanostructures: A review. Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society, 58(6), 631–644. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43207-021-00141-5
Ashok, A., Regmi, G., Romero-Nunez, A., Solis-Lopez, M., Velumani, S., & Castaneda, H. (2020). Comparative studies of CdS thin films by chemical bath deposition techniques as a buffer layer for solar cell applications. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 31, 20460–20471. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-020-03024-3
Bari, R. H., Patil, S. B., & Bari, A. R. (2013). Spray-pyrolyzed nanostructured CuO thin films for H2S gas sensor. International Nano Letters, 3(12). https://doi.org/10.1186/2228-5326-3-12
Batu, B., & Tamasgen, T. (2020). Effects of thickness on optical and structural properties of lead sulphide (PbS) thin film prepared by chemical bath deposition. Chemistry and Materials Research, 12(7). https://doi.org/10.7176/CMR/12-7-01
Bettini, M., Bachmann, K. J., & Shay, J. L. (1978). CdS/InP and CdS/GaAs heterojunctions by chemical-vapor deposition of CdS. Journal of Applied Physics, 49, 865–870. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.324617
Chavez-Urbiola, I. R., Pintor-Monroy, M. I., Willars-Rodriguez, J., & Quevedo-Lopez, Y. V. (2019). Effects of aluminum doping upon properties of cadmium sulfide thin films and its effect on ITO/CdS:Al/NiOx/Ni/Au diodes. Journal of Applied Physics, 126. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5087153
Diwate, K., Pawbake, A., Rondiya, S., Kulkarni, R., Waykar, R., Jadhavar, A., Rokade, A., Funde, A., Mohite, K., Shinde, M., Pathany, H., Devan, R., & Jadkar, S. (2017). Substrate temperature dependent studies on properties of chemical spray pyrolysis deposited CdS thin films for solar cell applications. Journal of Semiconductors, 38, 023001. https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-4926/38/2/023001
Faraj, M. G., & Ibrahim, K. (2012). Comparison of cadmium sulfide thin films deposited on glass and polyethylene terephthalate substrates with thermal evaporation for solar cell applications. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 23, 1219–1223. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-011-0576-6
Ferra-Gonzalez, S. R., Berman-Mendoza, D., Garcia-Gutierrez, R., Castillo, S. J., Ramirez-Bon, R., Gnade, B. E., & Quevedo-Lopez, M. A. (2014). Optical and structural properties of CdS thin films grown by chemical bath deposition doped with Ag by ion exchange. Optik – International Journal of Light and Electron Optics, 125, 1533–1536.
Ganesh, R. S., Durgadevi, E., Navaneethan, M., Patil, V. L., Ponnusamy, S., Muthamizhchelvan, C., Kawaski, S., Patil, P. S., & Hayakawa, Y. (2017). Low temperature ammonia gas sensor based on Mn-doped ZnO nanoparticle decorated microspheres. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 721, 182–190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.05.315
Gawali, S. R., Patil, V. L., Deonikar, V. G., Patil, S. S., Patil, D. R., Patil, P. S., & Pant, J. (2018). Ce doped NiO nanoparticles as selective NO2 gas sensor. Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, 114, 28–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpcs.2017.11.005
Hasanirokh, K., Asgari, A., & Mohammadi, S. (2021). Fabrication of light-emitting device based on the CdS/ZnS spherical quantum dots. Journal of the European Optical Society Rapid Publications, 17(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41476-021-00173-8
Jagadale, S. B., Patil, V. L., Vanalakar, S. A., Patil, P. S., & Deshmukh, H. P. (2018). Preparation, characterization of 1D ZnO nanorods and their gas sensing properties. Ceramics International, 44, 3333–3340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2017.11.116
Jafari, A., Zakaria, A., Rizwan, Z., & Ghazali, M. S. M. (2011). Effect of low concentration Sn doping on optical properties of CdS films grown by CBD technique. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 12, 6320–6328. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms12096320
Kamble, D. L., Harale, N. S., Patil, V. L., Patil, P. S., & Kadm, L. D. (2017). Characterization and NO2 gas sensing properties of spray pyrolyzed SnO2 thin films. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 127, 38–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2017.09.004
Liu, F., Lai, Y., Liu, J., Wang, B., Kuang, S., Zhang, Z., Li, J., & Liu, Y. (2010). Characterization of chemical bath deposited CdS thin films at different deposition temperature. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 493(1–2), 305–308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2009.12.088
Muthusamy, M., Muthukumaran, S., & Ashokkumar, M. (2014). Composition dependent optical, structural and photoluminescence behavior of CdS:Al thin films by chemical bath deposition method. Ceramics International, 40, 10657–10666. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2014.03.050
Patil, G. E., Kajale, D. D., Chavan, D. N., Pawar, N. K., Ahire, P. T., Shinde, S. D., Gaikwad, V. B., & Jain, G. H. (2011). Synthesis, characterization and gas sensing performance of SnO2 thin films prepared by spray pyrolysis. Bulletin of Materials Science, 34(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12034-011-0045-0
Paudel, N. R., Wieland, K. A., & Compaan, A. D. (2012). Ultrathin CdS/CdTe solar cells by sputtering. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 105, 109–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2012.05.035
Ramarj, S. G., Nundy, S., Zhao, P., Elanaran, D., Tahir, A. A., Hayakawa, Y., Muruganathan, M., Mizuta, H., & Kim, S.-W. (2022). RF sputtered Nb-doped MoS2 thin film for effective detection of NO2 gas molecules: Theoretical and experimental studies. ACS Omega, 7, 10492–10501. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.1c07274
Rondiya, S., Rokade, A., Gabhale, B., Pandharkar, S., Chaudhari, M., Date, A., Chaudhary, M., Pathan, H., & Jadkar, S. (2017). Effect of bath temperature on optical and morphology properties of CdS thin films grown by chemical bath deposition. Energy Procedia, 110, 202–209.
Shanmugariya, S., & Sakthivel, B. (2020). ZnSe/CdS thin films prepared with physical vapor deposition technique. Adalya Journal, 9, 635–640.
Soonmin, H. (2021). Deposition of metal sulphide thin films by chemical bath deposition technology: Review. International Journal of Thin Films Science and Technology, 10(1), 45–57. https://doi.org/10.18576/ijtfst/100108
Toma, F. T. Z., Hussain, K. M. A., Rahman, M. S., & Syed. (2021). Preparation and characterization of CdS thin film using chemical bath deposition (CBD) technique for solar cell application. World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 12(3), 629–633. https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2021.12.3.0746
Tyagi, V. V., Rahim, N. A. A., Rahim, N. A., & Selvaraj, J. A. (2013). Progress in solar PV technology: Research and achievement. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 20, 443–461. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2012.09.028
Verma, M. K., & Gupta, V. (2012). A highly sensitive SnO2-CuO multilayered sensor structure for detection of H2S gas. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 166–167, 378–385. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2012.02.076
Yin, Y., Shen, Y., Zhao, S., Li, A., Lu, R., Han, C., Cui, B., & Wei, D. (2022). Enhanced detection of ppb-level NO2 by uniform Pt-doped ZnSnO3 nanocubes. International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials, 29(6), 1295–1303. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-020-2215-9
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Azhar Mohammed Abd
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
1.png)
4.png)
