Molecular Identification of Entamoeba Bovis in Asymptomatic Small Ruminant
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17977/um067v6i42026p4Keywords:
Entamoeba Bovis, Asymptomatic, Ruminant, PCRAbstract
The genus Entamoeba is a parasite infects many species of ruminant such as sheep and goats, A collection of 192 freshly passed fecal specimens was obtained from asymptomatic ruminants (sheep and goats). the sample were collected from the outskirts of Tikrit, during the period from January-May 2025, A quantity of 200 mg of stool sample was used for the purpose of extracting genomic DNA, a fragment of approximately 900bp from the 18s rRNA gene was amplified employing specialized primers for identify of Entamoeba spp. the sample that scored positive was subsequently sequenced to determine the species. The result demonstrated that the total prevalence of Entamoeba spp. was 11.97% (23/192). the prevalence rate in sheep was 15.23% (16/105) in goats 8.04% (7/87), a higher prevalence rate was observed in sheep lees than 12 months old (16.45%) compared to over 12 months old (11.53%), but without was not statistical significance, note the higher prevalence rate in spring compared winter 9.57% (9/94),7.14% (7/98) respectively, the difference did not reach statistical significance, based on sequence analysis, Entamoeba bovis has been identified in asymptomatic ruminants.
References
Ai, S., Zhang, Z., Wang, X., Zhang, Q., Yin, W., & Duan, Z. (2021). The first survey and molecular identification of Entamoeba spp. in farm animals on Qinghai-Tibetan plateau of China. Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 75, 101607. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cimid.2020.101607
Al-Dabbagh, S. M. K., Al-Seady, H. H., & Al-Haddad, E. J. (2024). Molecular identification of Entamoeba spp. in human and cattle in Baghdad, Iraq. Veterinary World, 17(6), 1348–1355. https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2024.1348-1355
Calegar, D. A., Monteiro, K. J. L., Bacelar, P. A. A., Evangelista, B. B. C., Almeida, M. M., Dos Santos, J. P., Boia, M. N., Coronato-Nunes, B., Jaeger, L. H., & Carvalho-Costa, F. A. (2021). Epidemiology, species composition and genetic diversity of tetra- and octonucleated Entamoeba spp. in different Brazilian biomes. Parasites & Vectors, 14(1), 160. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-021-04672-4
Fu, Y., Zhang, K., Yang, M., Li, X., Chen, Y., Li, J., Zhang, L., Wang, X., & Liu, H. (2023). Metagenomic analysis reveals the relationship between intestinal protozoan parasites and intestinal microecological balance in calves. Parasites & Vectors, 16, 257. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-023-05877-z
Huaman, J. L., Pacioni, C., Kenchington-Evans, L., Doyle, M., Helbig, K. J., & Carvalho, T. G. (2022). First evidence of Entamoeba parasites in Australian wild deer and assessment of transmission to cattle. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 12, 883031. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2022.883031
Jasim, G. A., & Alardi, M. H. (2015). Diagnosis and genotyping detection of Entamoeba spp. in human and some animals. International Journal of Research Studies in Biosciences, 3(12), 11–18.
Jawad, T. I., Jawad, H. H., & Alfatlawi, M. A. (2023). Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of Entamoeba histolytica in cattle in Al-Diwaniyah governorate, Iraq. Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 37(3), 697–700. https://doi.org/10.33899/ijvs.2023.137074.2635
Kantor, M., Abrantes, A., Estevez, A., Schiller, A., Torrent, J., Gascon, J., Hernandez, R., & Ochner, C. (2018). Entamoeba histolytica updates in clinical manifestation, pathogenesis, and vaccine development. Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 2018, 4601420. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/4601420
Khairnar, K., & Parija, S. C. (2007). A novel nested multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for differential detection of Entamoeba histolytica, E. moshkovskii and E. dispar DNA in stool samples. BMC Microbiology, 7(1), 47–56. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2180-7-47
Liu, X. C., Ren, Q., Guo, J., Chen, D. Q., Li, Q. Q., Luo, X. Y., Gu, Y. F., & Li, W. C. (2022). First detection and molecular identification of Entamoeba bovis in farm-raised sika deer from Anhui province, China. Acta Parasitologica, 67, 1782–1787. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11686-022-00610-9
Matsubayashi, M., Matsuura, Y., Nukata, S., Daizi, Y., Shibahara, T., Termoto, I., Matsuo, T., Uni, S., Hatta, T., Kaneko, A., Tsuji, N., & Sasai, K. (2018). First detection and molecular identification of Entamoeba bovis from Japanese cattle. Parasitology Research, 117(1), 339–342. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-017-5689-2
Mohammed, N. Q. (2017). Phylogenetic tree analysis of Entamoeba species isolated from goats. Al-Qadisiyah Journal of Veterinary Medicine Sciences, 16(2), 38–44.
Ren, M., Yang, F., Gou, J. M., Wang, P. X., & Lin, Q. (2021). First detection and molecular identification of Entamoeba in yaks from China. Acta Parasitologica, 66(1), 264–270. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11686-020-00258-3
Roy, S., Kabir, M., Mondal, D., Ali, I. M., Petri, W. A., & Haque, R. (2005). Real-time PCR assay for diagnosis of Entamoeba histolytica infection. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 43(5), 2168–2172. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.43.5.2168-2172.2005
Servian, A., Zonta, M. L., & Navone, G. T. (2024). Differential diagnosis of human Entamoeba infections: Morphological and molecular characterization of new isolates in Argentina. Revista Argentina de Microbiología, 56(1), 16–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ram.2023.05.003
Stensvold, C. R., Berg, R. P. K. D., Maloney, J. G., Molokin, A., & Santin, M. (2023). Molecular characterization of Blastocystis and Entamoeba in muskoxen and sheep in Greenland. International Journal for Parasitology, 53, 673–685. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2023.05.005
Stensvold, C. R., Lebbad, M., & Clark, C. G. (2010). Genetic characterization of uninucleated cyst-producing Entamoeba spp. from ruminants. International Journal for Parasitology, 40(7), 775–778. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2010.03.003
Stensvold, C. R., Lebbad, M., Victory, E. L., Verweij, J. J., Tannich, E., Alfellani, M., Legarraga, P., & Clark, C. G. (2011). Increased sampling reveals novel lineages of Entamoeba: Consequences of genetic diversity and host specificity for taxonomy and molecular detection. Protist, 162, 525–541. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.protis.2010.11.002
Tamura, K., Stecher, G., & Kumar, S. (2021). MEGA11: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 11. Molecular Biology and Evolution. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msab120
Wilson, I. W., Weedall, G. D., Lorenzi, H., Howcroft, T., Hon, C. C., Deloger, M., Guillén, N., & Hall, N. (2019). Genetic diversity and gene family expansions in members of the genus Entamoeba. Genome Biology and Evolution, 11(3), 688–705. https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evz009
Wu, S., Zhong, Y., Li, H., Tang, C., Zhang, B., & Zhang, R. (2025). 18S rDNA next-generation sequencing uncovers the biodiversity of gastrointestinal parasites in Tibetan grazing ruminants in China. BMC Veterinary Research, 21, 429. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-025-04887-6
Wu, Z. X., Xiao, H. D., He, Y. H., Huang, S. B., Li, J., Kang, Y., Zhang, W. B., & Zhu, X. Q. (2025). First molecular identification of Entamoeba spp. in sheep, beef cattle and dairy cattle in Shanxi province, North China. Veterinary Sciences, 12, 19. https://doi.org/10.1390/vetsci12010019
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Zuhair Mohammed Abed
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
1.png)
4.png)
