Sleep Paralysis Ditinjau dari Perspektif Neuropsikologi: Kajian Literatur
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17977/um070v3i62023p223-226Keywords:
folklore, neuropsychology, sleep paralysisAbstract
The paralysis that occurs when waking up causes fear and anxiety, called sleep paralysis (SP). SP occurs between the stages of sleep and wakefulness. When SP occurred, the subject felt fully awake but unable to move, perceived with sensations such as chest pressure, shortness of breath, and hallucination of images of scary figures. The muscle paralysis that occurs in REM functions to protect oneself from making dangerous movements while dreaming. Muscle atonia that continues into the next stage causes SP. SP is often identified with folklore related to supernatural phenomena. The hallucinations that arise in SP are associated with creepy creatures in certain cultural contexts. For example, in Indonesia, it is commonly referred to as trance due to the disturbance of spirits. Neurologically, SP can be explained scientifically where during sleep, the CNS remains active, but muscle movement is paralyzed. The shadows seen in SP are influenced by cognitive roles. Several factors are thought to cause SP, including sleep quality, psychological factors such as trauma and anxiety, and stressful environmental factors.
Abstrak
Kelumpuhan yang terjadi ketika bangun tidur menimbulkan ketakutan dan kecemasan. Secara medis, kondisi ini disebut dengan sleep paralysis (SP) atau kelumpuhan tidur yang terjadi antara tahap tidur dan terjaga. Pada SP, subjek seolah-olah merasa terjaga sempurna, namun tidak mampu bergerak, disertai sensasi berupa dada terasa tertekan, sesak napas, dan muncul bayangan sosok menyeramkan. Kelumpuhan otot gerak yang terjadi REM berfungsi untuk melindungi diri agar tidak melakukan gerakan membahayakan ketika sedang bermimpi. Atonia otot yang berlanjut ke tahap berikutnya menimbulkan SP. SP kerap diidentikkan dengan folklore terkait fenomena supranatural. Halusinasi yang muncul pada SP dikaitkan dengan makhluk menyeramkan di konteks budaya tertentu, misalnya di Indonesia yang familiar disebut “ketindihan” akibat gangguan makhluk halus. Secara neurologis, SP dapat dijelaskan secara ilmiah dimana pada saat tidur CNS tetap aktif namun otot gerak mengalami kelumpuhan. Bayangan yang terlihat pada SP dipengaruhi oleh peran kognitif. Beberapa faktor diduga menjadi penyebab munculnya SP, diantaranya kualitas tidur, faktor psikologis berupa trauma dan kecemasan, serta faktor lingkungan yang penuh tekanan.
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