Konstruksi sosial toleransi keberagaman dalam pelestarian budaya multikultural di Pesarean Gunung Kawi

Abstract

This study aims to describe: (1) how the socio-cultural construction of religious tolerance in Pesarean Gunung Kawi; (2) how is the social construction of the community in interpreting religious tolerance in Pesarean Gunung Kawi; (3) and how the social construction of the community in maintaining religious tolerance in Pesarean Gunung Kawi. This research uses a qualitative approach with the type of case study research. The research location is Pesarean Gunung Kawi, Wonosari Village, Wonosari District, Malang Regency. The results of this study: (1) the condition of Wonosari Village consists of various religions adhered to by the community including Islam, Christianity, Confucianism, Hinduism, and Buddhism. The religion that first entered Wonosari Village was Islam. Meanwhile, Christianity entered in 1965 at the time of the G30S/PKI incident, while the followers of Confucianism, Hinduism, and Buddhism were not many in number because the majority of their adherents were immigrants who married local residents. (2) The people of Wonosari Village interpret tolerance as an attitude of how they can respect each other without losing their respective characteristics. (3) The process of maintaining tolerance is carried out by the government and also the community. The local government has intensively carried out socialization, which was carried out at informal events such as RT meetings, RW meetings, and community gatherings. In addition, the government and the community have special events held to maintain tolerance, namely the 1 Suro ritual celebration.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan: (1) bagaimana konstruksi sosial budaya toleransi keberagamaan di Pesarean Gunung Kawi; (2) bagaimana konstruksi sosial masyarakat dalam memaknai sikap toleran keberagamaan di Pesarean Gunung Kawi; (3) dan bagaimana konstruksi sosial masyarakat dalam menjaga toleransi keberagamaan di Pesarean Gunung Kawi. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian studi kasus. Lokasi penelitian berada di Pesarean Gunung Kawi Desa Wonosari Kecamatan Wonosari Kabupaten Malang. Hasil penelitiannya yaitu: (1) beragam agama yang di percaya oleh masyarakat Desa Wonosari seperti Islam, Kristen, Khong Hu Cu, Hindu, dan Budha. Agama yang pertama kali masuk ke Desa Wonosari yaitu agama Islam. Sedangkan agama Kristen masuk pada tahun 1965 pada saat peristiwa G30S/PKI, sedangkan pemeluk agama Khong Hu Cu, Hindu, dan Budha tidak banyak jumlahnya dikarenakan kebanyakan penganutnya adalah pendatang yang berjodoh dengan penduduk setempat. (2) Masyarakat Desa Wonosari memaknai toleransi sebagai suatu sikap yang dapat saling menghargai satu sama lain tanpa menghilangkan ciri khas masing-masing. (3) Pemerintah serta masyarakat setempat gencar-gencarnya menjaga sikap toleran yang ada, seperti gencar melakukan sosialisasi, yang dilakukan pada acara-acara tidak formal seperti saat rapat RT, rapat RW, dan tahlil warga. Selain itu pemerintah dan masyarakat memiliki ciri khas atau acara khusus yang dilaksanakan guna menjaga toleransi yaitu gebyar ritual 1 Suro.