Literature Review: Eksplorasi Perbedaan Ideologi Peran Gender di Berbagai Lingkup Kehidupan dalam Perspektif Lintas Budaya
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17977/um070v4i32024p93-102Keywords:
gender differences, gender role ideology, cross-cultureAbstract
Gender adalah ekspektasi peran sosial terbentuk akibat pengalaman dan budaya yang berkembang. Ekspektasi peran gender sangat beragam sesuai dengan budaya yang berkembang di wilayah setempat. Perilaku gender ini tidak terlepas dari konteks sosiokultural, yakni menyesuaikan dengan tempat individu tinggal dan berkembang. Tujuan studi literatur ini untuk mengetahui adanya perbedaan ideologi peran gender dari perspektif lintas budaya. Temuan dari studi literatur ini dapat diimplikasikan dalam manfaat praktis, kebijakan, dan penelitian selanjutnya. Metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan artikel ini adalah studi literatur melalui database online journal yaitu Google Scholar. Perbedaan ideologi peran gender terlibat dalam berbagai aspek seperti niat kewirausahaan, ekonomi, pendidikan, aktivitas agrikultural, self-esteem, dan aktivitas yang dilakukan saat waktu luang. Peran gender dapat kaku dan fleksibel tergantung keadaan. Norma terhadap gender seringkali berbeda dalam lintas generasi, bidang ilmu dalam perkuliahan, kelompok etnik dan kultural, dan wilayah geografis. Di berbagai negara, perbedaan gender akan tetap melekat pada masyarakat akibat keyakinan mengenai peran gender yang sudah tertanam. Namun di sisi lain, perkembangan kesetaraan gender mulai terlihat dengan berkurangnya dominasi laki-laki serta perempuan yang semakin menunjukkan eksistensinya.
Abstrak
Gender is a social role expectations are formed due to experience and developing culture. Gender role expectations vary greatly according to the culture that develops in the local area. Gender behavior cannot be separated from the sociocultural context, namely adapting to where the individual lives and develops. The method used in this article is a literature study through an online journal database, namely Google Scholar. This literature study aims to determine differences in gender role ideology from a cross-cultural perspective. The findings from this literature study can have implications for practical benefits, policies, and further research. Differences in gender role ideologies involve various aspects such as entrepreneurial intentions, economics, education, agricultural activities, self-esteem, and activities carried out in free time. Gender roles can be rigid and flexible depending on circumstances. Norms regarding gender often differ across generations, fields of study, ethnic and cultural groups, and geographic regions. In various countries, gender differences will remain embedded in society due to ingrained beliefs about gender roles. On the other hand, developments in gender equality are starting to be seen with the reduction of male dominance and women increasingly showing their existence.
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