Kelainan Down Syndrome Ditinjau dari Aspek Neurobiological dan Intelligence
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17977/um070v3i42023p145-151Keywords:
down syndrome, neurobiological, IntelligenceAbstract
Down syndrome is a disorder caused by the presence of trisomy on the 21st chromosome. People with this disorder show differences in physical characteristics, general intelligence, and other aspects. Research shows that the risk factors for Down syndrome vary between regions and demographic characteristics. Genetic disorders are one of the causes of intellectual disability, which can also lead to the risk of developing infections, autoimmune disorders, and hematological and oncological abnormalities. This study aims to explore more deeply related to Down syndrome from a neurobiological and intelligence perspective. By writing this research, it is hoped that the general public will be able to understand Down syndrome, starting from the causes and effects. The method used in making this article is a literature review, by searching on Google Scholar with several keywords that match the research objectives. The results of the data collection show that neurobiologically, Down syndrome has many dysfunctions in the organs of the body that impact many aspects, one of which is an abnormality in the aspect of intelligence.
Abstrak
Down syndrome merupakan kelainan yang disebabkan oleh adanya trisomi pada kromosom ke-21. Penderita kelainan ini menunjukkan perbedaan ciri fisik, kecerdasan secara umum, dan aspek-aspek lainnya. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor risiko dari kelainan down syndrome ini beragam antarwilayah dan karakterisitik demografis. Kelainan genetik menjadi salah satu penyebab dari adanya disabilitas intelektual, yang juga dapat berisiko akan perkembangan infeksi, gangguan autoimun, dan abnormalitas hematologi serta onkologi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi lebih dalam terkait down syndrome jika ditinjau dari aspek neurobiologis dan intelegensi. Dengan dituliskannya penelitian ini, diharapkan bahwa khalayak umum mampu memahami terkait down syndrome mulai dari penyebab dan akibat. Metode yang digunakan dalam pembuatan artikel ini ialah literature review, melalui pencarian pada Google Scholar dengan beberapa kata kunci yang sesuai dengan tujuan penelitian. Hasil dari pengumpulan data menunjukkan bahwasanya secara neurobiologis, down syndrome memiliki banyak disfungsi pada organ-organ tubuh yang berdampak pada banyak aspek, salah satunya kelainan pada aspek inteligensi.
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