Dampak Ketiadaan Figur Ayah pada Gender Role Development Seorang Anak
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17977/um070v2i62022p447-456Keywords:
ketiadaan figur ayah; gender role; anakAbstract
Abstract: The absence of a father figure is a factor for a child to be involved in social problems, which is like juvenile delinquency. The father plays an important role in the family, namely as a breadwinner, protector, friend, role model, moral guide, teacher, and as an important agent for gender role development of a child. This study aims to examine the impact of the father absence on a child's gender-role development. Research method that used by conducting literature studies related to the research topic, namely the absence of a father figure and the gender role development of a child. Based on the results of a literature review, several impacts were found from the absence of a father figure on a child's gender role development. Nevertheless, other studies also show that there is no difference in the a child's gender role development between children who have a father figure or not. Because most of children who do not have a father figure are found to look for other male figures outside the home as their role models or found their mother as a complete figure for them. Therefore, it is important for parents to be a good role model for their child because this can affect the development of their child, especially in the role of gender role development.
Keywords: father absence; gender role; children
Abstrak: Ketiadaan figur Ayah menjadi salah satu faktor bagi seorang anak terlibat dalam masalah sosial, salah satunya seperti kenalakan remaja. Ayah memberikan peran penting dalam keluarga, yaitu sebagai pencari nafkah, pelindung, teman, model, penuntun moral, guru, serta merupakan agen penting dalam gender role development seorang anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dampak ketiadaan figur Ayah pada gender-role development seorang anak. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini dengan melakukan studi literatur yang berkaitan dengan topik penelitian, yaitu ketiadaan figur ayah dan gender role development seorang anak. Berdasarkan hasil kajian pustaka, didapatkan beberapa dampak dari ketiadaan figur ayah pada gender role development seorang anak. Meskipun demikian, studi – studi lain juga menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan perkembangan gender role anak antara anak yang memiliki figur ayah maupun tidak. Sebab anak – anak yang tidak memiliki figur ayah ditemukan bahwa dapat mencari figur laki – laki lain di luar rumah sebagai role modelnya atau melihat ibunya sebagai sosok role model yang diperlukan. Oleh karena itu, penting bagi orang tua untuk dapat menjadi role model bagi seorang anak karena hal ini dapat mempengaruhi perkembangan seorang anak, khususnya dalam perananan gender role developmentnya.
Kata kunci: ketiadaan figur ayah; gender role; anak
References
Abbot-Chapman, J, Denholm, C, and Wyld, C (2008) “Gender Differences in Adolescent Risk Taking: Are They Diminishing?: An Australian Intergenerational Study”, Youth & Society, 40(1), 131-154. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0044118X07309206.
Amato, Paul R. (2005). The Impact of Family Formation Change on the Cognitive, Social, and Emotional Well-Being of the Next Generation. Fall;15(2):75-96. doi: 10.1353/foc.2005.0012
Aufseeser, D, Jekielek, S, and Brown, B. (2006). The Family Environment and Adolescent Well-being: Exposure to Positive and Negative Family Influences. Washington, D.C.: Child Trends; and San Francisco, CA: NationalAdolescent Health Information Center, University of California, San Francisco
Beaty, L. A. (1995). Effects of paternal absence on male adolescents' peer relations and self-image. Winter;30(120):873-80. PMID: 8588522.
Boothroyd, LG, and Perrett, DI. (2008). Father Absence, Parent–Daughter Relationships and Partner Preferences. Journal of Evolutionary Psychology 6(2008)3, 187–205. Doi: 10.1556/JEP.6.2008.3.3.
Brody, Moore, and Glei, 1994. In de Lange (2011). Gender Identity and self-esteem of boys growing up without father. Social Cosmos,p.97-103.
Bronstein, P, Cowan, CP. (1988). Fatherhood Today Men’s Changing Role in the Family (p. 3-9). United States, US: John Willey & Sons, Inc
Bronstein, P. (n.d). Father-Child Interaction Implications for Gender-Role Socialization. In Bronstein, P, Cowan, CP. (1988). Fatherhood Today Men’s Changing Role in the Family (p. 107-120). United States, US: John Willey & Sons, Inc
Cobb-Clark, Deborah A and Tekin, E. (2011). Fathers and Youth’s Delinquent Behavior. Melbourne Institute Working Series. Diunduh dari: www.nber.org/papers/w17507
Demuth, S., & Brown, S. (2004). Family structure, family processes, and adolescent delinquency: The significance of parental absence versus parental gender. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 41(1), 58-81
de Lange, G. (2011). Gender Identity and self-esteem of boys growing up without father. Social Cosmos, p.97-103.
Del Russo, Marie J, (2009). Emotionally absent fathers and their adult daughters’ relationship with men. (Disertasi) Chestnust Hill College, United States America
Egan, S. K., & Perry, D. G. (2001). Gender identity: A multidimensional analysis with implications for psychosocial adjustment. Developmental Psychology, 37, 451–463.
Ehrhardt, 1972. In de Lange (2011). Gender Identity and self-esteem of boys growing up without father. Social Cosmos. Diunduh dari: http://socialcosmos.library.uu.nl/index.php/sc/article/view/25/21
Gambos, NL. (1988). Maternal Employment and Children’s Development (p. 177-178). New York, NY: Springer
Gurian. (1996). In Dickerson, Cory M. (2014). The Lived Experience of Fatherlessness in Male Adolescents: The Student Perspective. (Doctoral Dissertation) Liberty University
Hetherington, E. M. (1972). Effects of father absence on personality development in adolescent daughters. Developmental Psychology, 7, 313–326.
Hetherington dkk.,. (1983). In Barajas, Mark S. (2011) "Academic Achievement of Children in Single Parent Homes: A Critical Review," The Hilltop Review: Vol. 5. Iss. 1, Article 4. Diunduh dari: http://scholarworks.wmich.edu/hilltopreview/vol5/iss1/4
Hetherington, E. M. (1966). Effects of paternal absence on sex-typed behaviors in Negro and White preadolescent males. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 4, 87–91.
Hidayat, W.S.P., Hastuti, D. (2022). Pentingkah peran pengasuhan ayah untuk pembentukan karakter mahasiswa?. Journal of Child, Family, and Consumer Studies, Vol.1, No.2, p.: 71-80. doi: https://doi.org/10.29244/jcfcs.1.2.71-80
Kane, W. (2006). “No way my boys are going to be like that!” Parents’ responses to children’s gender nonconformity. Gender & Society, 20, 149-176.
Katorski, J. (2003). Father/Daughter Relationships: Effects of Communicative Adaptability and Satisfaction on Daughter’s Romantic Relationships. Journal of Undergraduate Research VI. Diunduh dari: http://www.uwlax.edu/urc/jur-online/PDF/2003/katorski.pdf
Lamb, ME,(n.d). Father and Child Development: An Introductory Overview. In Lamb, ME. 1997. The Role of the Father in Child Development (p.1-18). United States, US: John Willey & Sons, Inc
Langa, M. (2014). Meaning making in growing up without a father: narratives of young adolescent boys. The Open Family Studies Journal, 6 (Suppl 1:M7), p.56-61.
Leve & Fagot, 1997. In Mandara, J, Murray, Carolyn B, Joyner, Tony N (2005). The Impact of Father’s Absence on African American Adolescents’ Gender Role Development. Sex Roles, Vol. 53, No.314.
Mandara, J, Murray, Carolyn B, Joyner, Tony N (2005). The Impact of Father’s Absence on African American Adolescents’ Gender Role Development. Sex Roles, Vol. 53, No.314.
Marks, J, Bun, Chun L, McHale, Susan M, (2009). Family Patterns of Gender Role Attitudes. Sex Roles. 2009 August ; 61(3-4): 221–234.
Padi T, Nduna M, Khunou G, Kholopane P. (2014). Defining absent, unknown and undisclosed fathers in South Africa. S Afr Rev Sociol: 45 (2): 44-59. Doi: 10.1080/21528586.2014.917879
Phasha, K.T., Calvin, M.J., Mokone, J.M. (2022). Lived experiences of adolescent boys who have absent fathers: A phenomenological approach. International Journal of Research in Business & Social Science 11(5) (2022), 388-393. Doi: https://doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v11i5.1854
Rebellon, CJ. (2002). Reconsidering the Broken Homes/Deliquency Relationship and Exploring Its Mediating Mechanism(s). NCJ 194570. Diunduh dari: https://www.ncjrs.gov/App/publications/abstract.aspx?ID=194570
Rosenberg, J & Wilcox, WB. (2006). The Importance of Fathers in the Healthy Development of Children. United States, US: U.S Department of Health and Human Services
Ruble, D. N., & Martin, C. L. (2000). Gender development. In W. Damon & N. Eisenberg (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology,Vol. 3: Social, emotional, and personality development (pp. 933–1016). New York: Wiley.
Stephens, K. (2007). Parents Are Powerful Role Models for Children. Exchange. Diunduh dari: http://www.easternflorida.edu/community-resources/child-development-centers/parent-resource-library/documents/parents-powerful-role-models.pdf
Stevens, M., Golombok, S., Beveridge, M., and The ALSPAC Study Team. (2002). Does father absence influence children’s gender development? Finding from a general population study of preschool children. Parenting: Science and Practice, Vol. 2, No.1, p.47-60. doi: 10.1207/S15327922PAR0201_3
William and Kelly, (2005). In Camp, Nicole H., "The influence of parental involvement in single-father, single-mother and heterosexual married two-parent family systems on adolescent internalizing and externalizing behaviors" (2012). Counseling Psychology Dissertations. Paper 30. Diunduh dari: http://hdl.handle.net/2047/d20002658
Yogman, M.W, Cooley, J, Kindlon, D. (n.d). Fathers, Infants, and Toddlers. In Bronstein, P, Cowan, CP. (1988). Fatherhood Today Men’s Changing Role in the Family (p. 6-7). United States, US: John Willey & Sons, Inc
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
3.png)
1.png)
1.png)
