Implementasi pembelajaran berbasis proyek (project-based learning) untuk peningkatan high order thinking skills siswa sma pada pembelajaran ekonomi

Abstract

Abstract

High School (SMA) is one of the educational institutions that is expected to be able to contribute to improving the quality of human resources. In 2020, the Covid-19 outbreak hit more than 200 countries, has presented challenges for educational institutions. Anticipating the transmission of the virus, the government issued policies, such as isolation, social and physical distancing to large-scale social restrictions and in the education sector using an online system in the learning process. On the other hand, education must continue to carry out its functions in accordance with the 2013 curriculum, which is to train students to think critically, master technology, cooperate, and collaborate in problem solving. Based on this, a classroom action research (CAR) was conducted using a project-based learning model or Project Based Learning (PjBL) to improve high-order thinking skills (High Order Thinking Skills) in economic learning for class XI IPS 1 SMAN 6 Malang students. The research was conducted in 2 cycles, each cycle consisting of 4 stages (1) planning, (2) implementation, (3) observation, (4) reflection. Data collection techniques were carried out by observation, tests, field notes and documents. The data analyzed in the form of project-based learning model implementation, student project results, students' High Order Thinking Skills level through observation and tests using pre-test and post-test and field notes. The results showed that the application of the project-based learning model was proven to improve students' high-level critical thinking skills. The implementation of the project-based learning model also increased from cycle I to cycle II by 21%. The percentage of High Order Thinking Skills also increased from cycle I to cycle II by 19% and the average value of pre-test and post-test in cycle II increased compared to cycle I of 5.5.

Abstrak

Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA) merupakan salah satu lembaga pendidikan yang diharapkan mampu berkontribusi dalam peningkatan kualitas sumber daya manusia. Di tahun 2020, wabah Covid-19 melanda lebih dari 200 negara, telah memberikan tantangan bagi lembaga pendidikan. Mengantisipasi penularan virus, pemerintah mengeluarkan kebijakan, seperti isolasi, social and physical distancing hingga pembatasan sosial berskala besar dan pada sektor pendidikan menggunakan sistem daring pada proses pembelajarannya. Disisi lain, pendidikan harus tetap menjalankan fungsinya sesuai dengan kurikulum 2013 yaitu melatih siswa untuk berpikir kritis, menguasai teknologi, kooperatif, dan berkolaborasi dalam pemecahan masalah. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, dilakukan penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) menggunakan model pembelajaran berbasis proyek atau Project Based Learning (PjBL) untuk peningkatan kemampuan berpikir kritis tingkat tinggi (High Order Thinking Skills) pada pembelajaran ekonomi siswa kelas XI IPS 1 SMAN 6 Malang. Penelitian dilakukan dalam 2 siklus, setiap siklus terdiri atas 4 tahapan (1) perencanaan, (2) pelaksanaan, (3) pengamatan, (4) refleksi. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi, tes, catatan lapangan dan dokumen. Data yang dianalisis berupa keterlaksanaan model pembelajaran berbasis proyek, hasil proyek siswa, tingkat High Order Thinking Skills siswa melalui observasi dan tes menggunakan pre-test dan post-test dan catatan lapangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penerapan model pembelajaran berbasis proyek terbukti dapat meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis tingkat tinggi siswa. Keterlaksanaan model pembelajaran berbasis proyek juga mengalami peningkatan dari siklus I ke siklus II sebesar 21%. Presentase High Order Thinking Skills  juga mengalami peningkatan dari siklus I ke siklus II sebesar 19% dan nilai rata-rata pre-test dan post-test pada siklus II meningkat daripada siklus I sebesar 5,5.